RESUMO
This paper reports on the antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO). At concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL, TR-EO killed all the worms after 120 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration equal to or higher than 50 µg/mL, this oil also separated the coupled pairs and decreased the adult worm motor activity after incubation periods higher than 72 h. In addition, at 120 h of incubation, TR-EO slightly decreased the number of eggs produced by Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and significantly reduced the percentage of developed eggs, in a dose-dependent manner. XTT-colorimetric assays showed that the tested TR-EO concentrations were not considerably cytotoxic to V79 cells (IC50 = 253.5 µg/mL). The effects of TR-EO on egg development were noteworthy; therefore, this essential oil deserves further investigation to identify the chemical constituents that elicit activity against S. mansoni.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Esquistossomicidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Frutas/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Esquistossomicidas/químicaRESUMO
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), known as fennel, is a widespread aromatic herbaceous plant, and its essential oil is used as additive in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and perfume industries. The in vitro antischistosomal activity and cytotoxic effects against V79 cells of the essential oil of F. vulgare cultivated in southeastern Brazil (FV-EO) was investigated. The FV-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. (E)-Anethole (69.8%) and limonene (22.5%) were identified as the major constituents. Its anthelmintic activity against Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100â µg/ml, and it was found to be active against adult S. mansoni worms, although it was less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of the coupled pairs, mortality, and decreased motor activity. However, FV-EO elicited an interesting dose-dependent reduction in the number of S. mansoni eggs. On their own, (E)-anethole and the limonene enantiomers were much less effective than FV-EO and PZQ. An XTT-cytotoxicity-based assay evidenced no FV-EO cytotoxicity against V79 cells. In summary, FV-EO displayed moderate in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms, exerted remarkable inhibitory effects on the egg development, and was of low toxicity.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Foeniculum/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/química , Anti-Helmínticos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Cricetinae , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estrutura Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The chemical composition and the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus (PN-EO) grown in Southeast Brazil was studied. ß-Caryophyllene (1; 28.23%), α-thujene (2; 12.22%), α-pinene (3; 12.63%), ß-pinene (4; 6.19%), germacrene D (5; 5.36%), and caryophyllene oxide (6; 5.37%) were the major essential oil constituents. This chemical composition differed from that previously reported for specimens harvested in Africa. Concerning the in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms, PN-EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in the motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, PN-EO caused an interesting dose-dependent reduction in the number and the percentage of developed S. mansoni eggs. These results suggest that PN-EO might be very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Plectranthus/química , Esquistossomicidas/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plectranthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Schistosoma mansoni/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esquistossomicidas/química , Esquistossomicidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Ac-EO) against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni is reported in this paper. Concerning this activity, Ac-EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control (praziquantel, PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, Ac-EO caused an interesting dose-dependent reduction in the number of eggs of S. mansoni. Precocene I (74.30%) and (E)-caryophyllene (14.23%) were identified as the two major constituents of Ac-EO. These compounds were tested individually and were found to be much less effective than Ac-EO and PZQ. A mixture of the two major compounds in a ratio similar to that found in the Ac-EO was also less effective than Ac-EO, thus revealing that there are no synergistic effects between these components. These results suggest that the essential oil of A. conyzoides is very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
